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- Australian Faunal Directory
- FishBase
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Overview |
Main identification features
- 1st dorsal fin : yellow; 2nd dorsal fin : brown
- pectoral: short, not passing 1st dorsal fin
- a: yellow + black edge
Dorsal fins close together, the first with prolonged spines anteriorly; first dorsal with XI-XIV spines; second dorsal and anal fins falcate, each followed by 7-10 finlets; pectoral fins very short, no reaching past first dorsal fin; 16-21% fork length; small scales on body; corselet of larger scales developed, but indistinct.
Back metallic dark blue; lower sides and belly silvery white; first dorsal fin yellowish or bluish, second dorsal reddish brown; anal fin and finlets dusky yellow edged with black.
Size: attains 330 cm, common to 200 cm.
Habitat: oceanic, pelagic.
Depth: 0-550 m.
Pacific, in tropical and temperate seas; California to the SW Gulf of California, and the Revillagigedos islands.
The Pacific and Atlantic populations are recognized as a separate species by Collette (1999).
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos).
Depth Range Max: 550 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; bony fishes; Pelagic crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=33; Southern limit=19; Western limit=-118; Eastern limit=-110; Latitudinal range=14; Longitudinal range=8.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); TEP non-endemic; Pacific only (East + Central &/or West); "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Offshore; Offshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 330 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Collette , B. B. and Nauen, C. E., 1983., Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO species catalogue Vol. 2., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 125.
- Collette, B.B., 1999., Mackerels, molecular, and morphology. In Proc. 5th Indo-Pac. Fish. Conf. Nouméa, 1977. Séret B. & J. Sire. Eds., Soc. Fr. Ichtyol.:149-164.
- Collette, B.B., Reeb, C. and Block, B.A., 2001., Systematics of the tunas and mackerels (Scombridae)., Fish Physiology, 19:1-33.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Joseph , J. , Klawe , W. and Murphy, P., 1988., Tuna and Billfish - fish without a country., Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission:69.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Schaefer, K. M., 2001., Reproductive biology of tunas., Fish Physiology, 19:225-270.
- Temminck , C. J. and Schlegel, H., 1844., Pisces. In: Fauna Japonica, sive descriptio animalium quae in itinere per Japoniam suscepto annis 1823-30 collegit, notis observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit P. F. de Siebold., Pisces, Fauna Japonica, (Parts 5-6):73-112.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from Australian Faunal Directory
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| &pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/b35bf6d6-3b67-4d4c-b81e-b7ca7a64d341 |
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Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thunnus&speciesname=orientalis ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thunnus&speciesname=orientalis
http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thunnus&speciesname=orientalis ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thunnus&speciesname=orientalis
https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thunnus&speciesname=orientalis ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Thunnus-orientalis.html
Thunnus orientalis, Pacific bluefin tuna : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Scombriformes
(Mackerels) >
Scombridae
(Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology:
Thunnus:
Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Temminck
&
Schlegel
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 1 - 550 m (Ref.
58302
). Subtropical; 61°N - 52°S, 99°E - 70°W
North Pacific: Gulf of Alaska to southern California and Baja California and from Sakhalin Island in the southern Sea of Okhotsk south to northern Philippines. There are four substantiated records of this subspecies in the southern hemisphere: off Western Australia, southeast Pacific (37°11'S, 114°41'W) and Gulf of Papua (Ref.
10997
). The species occurs mainly in the northern Pacific but ventures into New Zealand waters for at least three months during spring and early summer (Ref.
83312
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9340
); common length : 200 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9340
); max. published weight: 450.0 kg (Ref.
47525
); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref.
83312
)
Mean number of gill rakers 35.9. First ventrally directed parapophysis on vertebra number 8. Dorsal wall of body cavity has a narrow bulge with lateral concavity and wide lateral trough. Caudal keels dark.
Epipelagic, usually oceanic, but seasonally coming close to shore (Ref.
168
). Tolerates ample temperature intervals (Ref.
168
). Forms schools by size, sometimes with other scombrids (Ref.
168
). Migrates between June and September in a northward direction along the coast of Baja California, Mexico and California (Ref.
168
). A voracious predator that feeds on a wide variety of small schooling fishes and squids, also on crabs crabs and to a lesser degree on sessile organisms (Ref.
168
). Marketed fresh and frozen.
Collette, B.B.
, 1995. Scombridae. Atunes, bacoretas, bonitos, caballas, estorninos, melva, etc. p. 1521-1543. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref.
9340
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Near Threatened (NT)
(A2bd); Date assessed:
15 January 2021
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 13.9 - 28.1, mean 24.3 °C (based on 983 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00638 - 0.02986), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.5 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 10.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=3-5; tmax=15; K=0.1-0.2).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 18.3 [10.0, 32.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.32 [0.96, 5.79] mg/100g; Protein = 24.2 [22.7, 25.5] %; Omega3 = 0.403 [0.246, 0.662] g/100g; Selenium = 42.6 [16.1, 118.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.5 [2.9, 199.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.211, 0.717] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
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Updated: 2024-05-08 21:36:30 gmt
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